Research Methodology and Special Skills

Paper Code: 
FSD 141
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable students to understand and known research methodology, statistical methods, errors in observation & calculations and numerical methods.

12.00
Unit I: 
Theory

 

  • Research: Meaning, definition, methodology, research process, criterion of good research 
  • Objectives of research and role of research method in fabric and apparel       science
  • Types of Research: Qualitative and quantitative research, historical, survey, ex post facto, field study, intervention study, experimental, case study, social research, longitudinal and cross sectional studies etc
  • Research design - Meaning, concepts, need,  designs for different types of research; library, laboratory and field research; advantages of designing research
  • Research problem and developing research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem. Literature Search: Reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
  • Defining concepts, objectives, basic assumptions, delimitations and limitations of the problem, statement of hypothesis.   

 

12.00
Unit II: 
  • Variables: Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, confounding variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
  • Sampling:  Meaning, characteristics of a good sample design, steps in sampling design, types, advantages
  • Techniques of data collection: Primary data; Questionnaire, schedules, interview observation & other methods. Secondary data: reliability, suitability & adequacy of data.
  • Processing and analysis of data: Processing operations: Editing & coding, classification and tabulation of data, elements of data analysis, role of statistics in data analysis. Statistical tables
  • Report writing: Types, format

 

12.00
Unit III: 

 

  • Introduction to statistics- Descriptive and inferential statistics
  • Basic principles of statistical procedures- Measurements, analysis and interpretation
  • Measurement and computation: quality and quantity
  • Scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Reliability, validity, specificity and sensitivity of tools
  • Descriptive statistics: central tendencies: mean, mode, median. Variability, range, semi-interquartile range, standard deviation and variance
  • Application and uses of descriptive statistics
  • Organization and presentation of data:  coding and tabulation, frequency distribution, graphic representation: graphs diagram and charts
  • Characteristics of a distribution: skewness and kurtosis
  • Percentages and frequencies, uses and applications: percentile ranks

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
  • Statistical tests-Probability and normal distribution: basic principles and applications of probability
  • Testing hypotheses, level of significance and estimations
  • Errors of estimation: type 1, type 2
  • Sampling theory, method and errors
  • Z scores and its uses
12.00
Unit V: 

 

  • Parametric tests of difference: T and ANOVA, post-hoc analysis of significance.
  • Parametric tests of association: Pearson’s r
  • Non- parametric tests of difference: Mann- Whitney, sign, median and Kruskal- Wallis
  • Non- parametric tests of association: Spearman’s r
  • Chi- square test
  • Regression and prediction

 

Essential Readings: 

 

  • Agarwal, J.C. (1989) Educational Research – An Introduction, New Delhi: Arya Book Depot.
  • Agrawal, B.L., Basic statistics, New Delhi: New Age publishers.
  • Ahuja Ram (2006) Research Methods, Jaipur: Rawat Publication
  • Kothari, C.R. (1989) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Bangalore: Wiley Eastern.
  • Young, P.V., (1988) Scientific Social Surveys & Research, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
  • Yule, G.V. and Kendall, M.G., An Introduction to the theory of statistics.

 

References: 
  • Allen, R.G.D.(1958) Statistics for Economics, London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Anderson T.W. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Publication Ltd.
  • Bernad Oste and Mensing R.W. (1975) Statistics in Research Ames: The Lowa State University Press.
  • Best John W. and Kahn, James V. (2006) Research in Education, NEW Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
  • Best, J.W. (1989) Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India.
  • Bjorck A., Numerical Methods for Least Squares.
  • Bose, Pradip Kumar (1995) Research Methodology, New Delhi:ICSSR
  • Braun, Robert, Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Mc.Graw Hill.
  • Burns, Robert B.(2000) Introduction to Research Methods, New Delhi; Sage publications.
  • Chandra, S.S. and Sharma, R.K., Research in Education, New Delhi: Atlantis Publishers.
  • E., Balagurusamy, Numerical Methods, Tata Mc. Graw Hill.
  • Gerald, Applied Numerical Analysis, Addison Wesley Publishing Company
  • Gourdin, Applied Numerical method, Prentice Hall of India
  • Hagood, M.J. and Price, D.O., Theory of sampling.
  • Hamming Richard, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers.
  • Hare, Anthony O, Numerical Methods for Physicists.  http://www.teaching.physics.ox.ac.uk/computing/numericalmethods/NMfP.pdf
  • Jain M.K., and Iyengar, Numerical methods problems and solutions, New Age International Ltd.
  • Kharab and Guenther, An Introduction to Numerical Methods: A-MATLAB Approach.
  • Mahalanobis, P.G., Experiments in Statistical sampling, Calcutta: ISI.
  • Maron, J.Melvin, Numerical Analysis a Practical Approach, New York. Macmillion Publishing Co.
  • Minium, E.W. King, B. M. and Bear, G. (1995)Statistical Reasoning in Psychology & Education, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Peatman, J.G., Descriptive and sampling Statistics.
  • Prakash, S.(2006) Theory of Sampling, Xeroxa: BIMTECH.
  • Reddy, C.R., Research Methodology in social sciences, New Delhi: Daya Publishing House.
  • Ropper, Karl R. (1968) The Logic of Scientific Discovery, London: Hutchinson.
  • Rosander, A.C.(1965) Elements of Probability and Principles of Statistics, Calcutta: East West Press.
  • Sarvavanavel, P.(2003) Research Methodology, Allahabad; Kitab Mahal.
  • Saxena H.C., Finite difference and numerical analysis, New Delhi, S Chand & Co.
  • Scarborough J.B., (1971) Numerical Mathematical Analysis, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co.
  • Shanlla K.R. (2002) Research Methodology, New Delhi: National Publishing House.
  • Sharma & Sharma, Numerical analysis, Agra, Ratan Prakashan Mandir.
  • Weatherburu, C.E.A. (1946) A first course in Mathematical Statistics, Cambridge.

 

 

Academic Year: 
2018-19
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